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Study Guide - Chapter 19 "Prenatal Development and Birth"



Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

From implantation to approximately 8 weeks, the cluster of cells is called a(n)
A.
fetus.
C.
embryo.
B.
zygote.
D.
egg cell.
 

 2. 

The blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo is the
A.
amniotic sac.
C.
umbilical cord.
B.
placenta.
D.
uterus.
 

 3. 

The mother’s blood supply and the embryo’s blood supply
A.
always flow together.
C.
sometimes flow together.
B.
mix in the umbilical cord.
D.
are kept separate.
 

 4. 

Which of the following is NOT a stage of labor?
A.
breaking of water
C.
passage through birth canal
B.
afterbirth
D.
dilation
 

 5. 

The nutrient that makes red blood cells and supplies oxygen to cells is
A.
iron.
C.
calcium.
B.
folic acid.
D.
vitamin A.
 

 6. 

Babies born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can suffer
A.
slowed growth.
C.
mental retardation.
B.
heart defects.
D.
all of the above
 

 7. 

Environmental hazards that might be harmful to a fetus include
A.
lead paint
C.
kitty liter
B.
smog.
D.
all of the above
 

 8. 

An example of a trait you inherit from your parents is
A.
eye color.
C.
earlobe shape.
B.
hair color.
D.
all of the above
 

 9. 

Most cells in your body contain
A.
48 chromosomes.
C.
24 chromosomes.
B.
46 chromosomes.
D.
23 chromosomes
 

 10. 

In humans, gender is determined by
A.
two pairs of chromosomes.
C.
one pair of chromosomes.
B.
one dominant gene.
D.
one recessive gene.
 

 11. 

Amniocentesis is a
A.
genetic disorder.
C.
genetic code.
B.
medical procedure.
D.
gene therapy.
 

 12. 

Miscarriage and stillbirth
A.
can occur even when the pregnant female gets good prenatal care.
B.
always indicate that the pregnant female used drugs or alcohol during pregnancy.
C.
do not occur in women who abstain from illegal substances.
D.
are the result of ectopic pregnancies.
 

 13. 

In the first four weeks of embryonic and fetal development,
A.
the fetus may suck its thumb.
C.
the fetus can hear.
B.
the heart begins to beat.
D.
the sex organs develop.
 

 14. 

Contractions
A.
start in the early stages of pregnancy.
B.
stop when the baby emerges from the mother’s body.
C.
cause the cervix to widen.
D.
become weaker as labor approaches.
 

 15. 

A pregnant female may harm her fetus by
A.
exercising moderately.
B.
increasing her intake of folic acid.
C.
avoiding caffeine.
D.
gaining more than 35 pounds.
 

 16. 

Which of the following is passed from the pregnant female to the fetus through the umbilical cord?
A.
nutrients
C.
oxygen
B.
alcohol
D.
all of the above
 

 17. 

Alcohol and tobacco
A.
are safe in small amounts late in pregnancy.
B.
cause problems that clear up once the baby is born.
C.
pass through the umbilical cord from the pregnant female to the fetus.
D.
cause the same health problems in fetuses as they do in adults.
 

 18. 

An amniocentesis
A.
can show what genetic abnormalities the mother has.
B.
is performed after birth to check for PKU.
C.
is used to treat genetic disorders such as hemophilia.
D.
indicates whether the baby has a genetic disorder.
 

 19. 

Which of the following is an accurate statement?
A.
A baby’s gender depends on the chromosome in the egg.
B.
Two X chromosomes result in a male.
C.
A baby's gender is determined by the sperm.
D.
Each egg and sperm cell contain a full set of 46 chromosomes.
 

Matching
 
 
Match each term with the best definition below.
A.
genes
F.
gene therapy
B.
fertilization
G.
miscarriage
C.
amniotic sac
H.
CVS
D.
DNA
I.
stillbirth
E.
placenta
J.
heredity
 

 20. 

the passing of traits from parents to their children
 

 21. 

a thick, blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo
 

 22. 

the basic units of heredity
 

 23. 

the expulsion of a dead fetus from the body after the 20th week of pregnancy
 

 24. 

the chemical unit that makes up chromosomes
 

 25. 

a procedure in which a small piece of membrane is removed from the layer of tissue that develops into the placenta
 

 26. 

a thin, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the developing embryo
 

 27. 

the union of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell
 

 28. 

the process of inserting normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders
 

 29. 

the spontaneous expulsion of a fetus that occurs before the 20th week of pregnancy
 
 
Match each term with the best definition below.
A.
implantation
F.
umbilical cord
B.
prenatal care
G.
ectopic pregnancy
C.
genetic disorders
H.
amniocentesis
D.
fetal alcohol syndrome
I.
birthing center
E.
labor
J.
chromosomes
 

 30. 

the final stage of pregnancy in which the uterus contracts and pushes the baby out of the mother’s body
 

 31. 

a procedure in which a syringe is inserted through a pregnant female’s abdominal wall into the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus
 

 32. 

Sometimes as a result of a sexually transmitted disease, the zygote can't pass to the uterus, and ____ is the result.
 

 33. 

disorders caused partly or completely by a defect in genes
 

 34. 

the attachment of a zygote to the uterine wall
 

 35. 

threadlike structures found within the nucleus of a cell that carry the codes for inherited traits
 

 36. 

steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own health and for the health of her baby
 

 37. 

a facility in which females with low-risk pregnancies can deliver their babies in a homelike setting
 

 38. 

a group of alcohol-related birth defects that includes both physical and mental problems
 

 39. 

a ropelike structure that connects the embryo and the mother’s placenta
 

Short Answer: Answer each using complete sentences.
 

 40. 

What is involved in proper prenatal care?
 

 41. 

What substances should be avoided during pregnancy? How can they harm the developing fetus?
 



 
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